Cryogenic transverse and shear mode properties of (1 − x)Pb(Mg 1/3Nb 2/3)O 3– xPbTiO 3 single crystal with the optimal crystallographic direction

Abstract

The cryogenic transverse extensional and thickness shear properties of the (1 − x)Pb(Mg 1/3Nb 2/3)O 3– xPbTiO 3 (PMN– xPT) single crystal with the optimal crystallographic directions were investigated in present work. With the temperature down to 78 K, a characteristic decrease in piezoelectric strain constants ( d 31, 2020–831 pC N −1 and d 15, 4114–2823 pC N −1) and compliance coefficients ( s 11 E , 95.3–50.6 × 10 −12 m 2 N −1 and s 55 E , 227–184 × 10 −12 m 2 N −1) was demonstrated. In comparison, the piezoelectric voltage constant ( g 31 and g 15) and electromechanical coupling coefficient ( k 31 and k 15) exhibits an almost temperature-independent behavior. Even at 78 K, high values of g 31 ∼ 0.045 Vm N −1, g 15 ∼ 0.057 Vm N −1, k 31 ∼ 0.86, and k 15 ∼ 0.94 can be obtained. Such superior low temperature piezoelectric performance is favorable for the cryogenic device designs and applications, especially for the hydrophones with high g ij needed.