Abstract
This chapter describes the taxonomy of Stomatopoda. Stomatopods, also known as mantis shrimps, because of their resemblance to a praying mantis, are a small order of marine malacostracan crustaceans related to shrimps, crabs, and lobsters. There are around 450 extant stomatopod species in the world and the majority of them live in tropical and sub-tropical regions, although a few species occur in temperate and boreal waters. The chapter covers their life cycle, ecology, and general morphology. It includes a section that indicates the systematic placement of the taxon described within the tree of life, and lists the key marine representative illustrated in the chapter (usually to genus or family level). This section also provides information on the taxonomic authorities responsible for the classification adopted, recent changes which might have occurred, and lists relevant taxonomic sources.
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