Abstract
This chapter describes the taxonomy of the Decapoda, the most species-rich order of Crustacea, with over 14,500 described extant species worldwide, commonly called shrimps, prawns, lobsters, or crabs. Decapods exhibit a vast diversity in shape, size, and colour. The chapter covers their life cycle, ecology, general morphology, and larval measurements. It includes a section that indicates the systematic placement of the taxon described within the tree of life, and lists the key marine representative illustrated in the chapter (usually to genus or family level). This section also provides information on the taxonomic authorities responsible for the classification adopted, recent changes which might have occurred, and lists relevant taxonomic sources.
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