Abstract
During the period of planned economies in Russia and Poland, services were underestimated as a sector of economic activity. To some degree, this continues to be the case. In spite of the existence of market economies in Central and Eastern Europe for more than 25 years, Russia and Poland should be categorized differently in terms of economic and social development. Based on D. Bell’s and his followers’ (M. Castells, A. Toffler, J. Rifkin, P. Drucker) theory of post-industrial society and post-industrial economy, Poland can be classified as a post-industrial country, while Russia is still an industrial country in many aspects. This point of view is based on global statistics and cross-country comparisons. The following statistical data has been used as a source for this research: share of services in GDP by country, contribution (value added) of seven main types of services to the respective GDP of Russia, Poland and other selected countries, value added and governmental expenditures per capita of primary services in aforementioned economies. The main differences between the Russian and Polish service sectors are indicated. The cases of Russia and Poland are presented here to highlight the key common features of Central and Eastern European countries’ tertiary sectors.
Highlights
There are many ways of defining services as forms of economic activity
Taking into account only the general dates of GDP production by main sectors Russia and Poland, as well as the other Central and Eastern European countries have not yet reached the most developed countries’ level: Western European Countries, the USA and Canada
Industrial sector, and tertiary sector, or services, include economic activities based on the nature of this activity
Summary
There are many ways of defining services as forms of economic activity. According to the World Bank methodology, services as an economic activity include, but are not limited to: value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, education, health care, and real estate services (The World Bank 2019). The Great Russian Encyclopedia defines the service sector as a group of economic activities that provide services to economic actors. The service sector consists of the following economic activities: culture, education, health care, and household services. Often the financial sector is included in the service sector under the heading of financial services, which include tax, budget, monetary, credit, banking and non-banking activities, retirement and insurance systems, and public trading on the stock market. The quaternary economic sector includes more advanced service economic activities such as IT, education and scientific research (R&D)
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