Abstract
In the era of rapid climate change, abiotic stresses are the primary cause for yield gap in major agricultural crops. Among them, salinity is considered a calamitous stress due to its global distribution and consequences. Salinity affects plant processes and growth by imposing osmotic stress and destroys ionic and redox signaling. It also affects phytohormone homeostasis, which leads to oxidative stress and eventually imbalances metabolic activity. In this situation, signaling compound crosstalk such as gasotransmitters [nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), calcium (Ca), reactive oxygen species (ROS)] and plant growth regulators (auxin, ethylene, abscisic acid, and salicylic acid) have a decisive role in regulating plant stress signaling and administer unfavorable circumstances including salinity stress. Moreover, recent significant progress in omics techniques (transcriptomics, genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics) have helped to reinforce the deep understanding of molecular insight in multiple stress tolerance. Currently, there is very little information on gasotransmitters and plant growth regulator crosstalk and inadequacy of information regarding the integration of multi-omics technology during salinity stress. Therefore, there is an urgent need to understand the crucial cell signaling crosstalk mechanisms and integrative multi-omics techniques to provide a more direct approach for salinity stress tolerance. To address the above-mentioned words, this review covers the common mechanisms of signaling compounds and role of different signaling crosstalk under salinity stress tolerance. Thereafter, we mention the integration of different omics technology and compile recent information with respect to salinity stress tolerance.
Highlights
Soil is an indispensable component of the environment and a fundamental prerequisite for nourishing optimistic plant growth and development
It affects germination to vegetative stage and up to maturity stage from very low to very high levels depending upon the mechanisms adapted or acclimatized by plants
This study aims to understand the signaling mechanisms under salinity stress and we focused on the important signaling components Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling (MAPK) and Ca under stress conditions
Summary
Soil is an indispensable component of the environment and a fundamental prerequisite for nourishing optimistic plant growth and development. Several other signaling compounds such as nitric oxide (NO), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), H2O2, Ca, ROS, and plant growth regulators salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET), and abscisic acid (ABA) have crucial roles during cell signaling and crosstalk as they provide tolerance to multiple stresses (Chauhan et al, 2017; Noctor et al, 2018; Pei et al, 2018). Salt tolerance is very complex in nature and affects various processes in plants In this regard, signaling compounds such as NO, H2S, H2O2, ROS, and plant growth regulators crosstalk with each other and coordinate numerous plant functions and processes, which are associated with salinity tolerance. Salt tolerance is enhanced through H2S by increased soluble protein content and chlorophyll under saline conditions and inhibits ROS accumulation (Mostofa et al, 2015a). H2S donors which are identified/synthesized include CaS2, morpholin-4-ium 4-methoxyphenyl (morpholino)
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