Abstract
Salinity stress is a worldwide dilemma and salinity affected hectares of arable land is increasing inevitable particularly due to climate change. Developing salinity stress tolerance in plants is very complex because of the complex nature of salinity stress in plants. Previously, major focus regarding improving salinity stress tolerance in plants has been given to Na+ exclusion or Na+ compartmentalization, or enhanced antioxidant defense system and redox regulation. Moreover, ameliorative effects of different substance such as hormones, amino acids, nutrients, and organic osmolytes have also been extensively reported however still we are at our infancy stage in understanding salinity stress tolerance in plants. Exploring traits in wild genotype or particular in halophytes may help in finding better solutions. Therefore, in this book chapter, we have tried to discuss the role of few overlooked physiological mechanisms, which might be potential indicators of salinity stress tolerance in plants. Particularly, the role of potassium retention in leaf mesophyll, xylem ion loading, and potassium efflux as potential physiological mechanisms in regulating plant growth during salinity stress conditions has been discussed. Moreover, the role of cell wall lignification and potential role of jasmonic acid and ethylene has also been narrated.
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