Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 2014 to March, 2015 at Adami-Tulu Jiddo kombolcha district in five peasant association and four towns to assess the irrational use of veterinary drugs in food producing animals and assess the factors those leads to irrational uses of veterinary drugs from farmers, veterinary clinicians and private veterinary pharmacists’ side. Out of 60 farmers interviewed, 55 (91.7%) of them uses veterinary drugs. From these 55 respondents, 44 (80%) of them treat their animals by presenting to the clinic and 11 (20%) of them treat by themselves at home with veterinary drugs. There was statistically significant association (P<0.05) between source of a drug and response of the disease to treatment. Of the total 60 farmers, 18 (30%) uses black market, 22 (36.7%) uses veterinary pharmacy and 20 (33.3%) uses veterinary clinic as a source of drugs. Among these 17 (94.4%), 2 (9.1%) and 3 (15%) of them responded as these sources of drugs have no response to treatment from the black market, veterinary pharmacy and veterinary clinic respectively. Regarding with drug regulation problem 7 (70%) of the farmers responded as there were lack of veterinary drug supply and lack of veterinary supervision. In line with clinicians, of the total 10 interviewed, 2 (20%) of them responded as the farmers reject their advice on animals’ treatment approach and 10% of the clinicians depend on the farmers’ needs on the way they use the drugs. In line with drug availability and its effectivity related issues, 8 (80%) of clinicians responded as there was no sufficient drug availability and no effective drug for the specific disease. On the other hand from 10 private veterinary pharmacists interviewed, 7 (70%) of them sell drugs without prescription. Generally irrational use of veterinary drugs is a common problem in developing countries where resource and educated human power are not access as wanted. Hence, growing awareness in the community about the rational use of veterinary drugs and controlling the illegal contraband of it were recommended as the main measures to alleviate the expansion of irrational use of vet drugs.
Highlights
Drugs, in animals can be used for various purposes; such as therapeutic, prophylactic [5], growth promotion and other uses [6]
Out of the total 10 clinician interviewed, 2 (20%) of clinicians responded as the farmers do not accept their advice on animal treatment and 1 (10%) of clinician depends on the farmers need due to factors like distance from the clinic and business which leads for irrational use of veterinary drugs as shown in the (Table 4)
On the other hand, treating animals by themselves in various communities in most countries is a problem where individuals use drugs or pharmaceutical products like antibiotics, to treat by themselves with drugs prescribed by the animal health professionals for a chronic or recurring diseases cause an irrational use of drugs [22]
Summary
In animals can be used for various purposes; such as therapeutic, prophylactic [5], growth promotion and other uses [6]. When veterinary drugs are indicated rationally in right dose and route of administration, the potential damages of their use are reduced and their efficacy increased. Rational use of drugs in veterinary medicine has both economic and public health significances [3]. Medicine use is rational (appropriate, proper, correct) if patients receive the appropriate medicines, dose, adequate time and at the lowest cost. Irrational (inappropriate, improper, incorrect) use of medicines is when one or more of these conditions are not met. Common examples of irrational drug use are: polypharmacy, inadequate doses or duration, antibiotics prescribed for non-bacterial infections, Feyyisa Koji et al.: Cross-sectional Assesses on Irrational Use of Veterinary Drugs in Adami Tulu Jiddo
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