Abstract
To assess the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of smoking behaviour with central arterial haemodynamic measures in samples of the Framingham Heart Study. In 6597 participants [3606 (55%) women, 51.5% never smoked, 34.8% formerly quit, 4.3% recently quit, and 9.3% currently smoking], we assessed relations of smoking behaviour with central arterial measures using multivariable linear regression models. In cross-sectional models, central arterial measures were different across smoking behaviour groups. Particularly, augmentation index (AI) was higher among participants who formerly quit smoking (least squares mean ± standard error = 14.1 ± 0.4%; P < 0.001) and were currently smoking (18.1 ± 0.5%; P < 0.001) compared with participants who never smoked (12.6 ± 0.3%). Among participants currently smoking, higher cigarettes per day [B = 1.41; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.47-2.34] were associated with higher AI. Among participants who had quit smoking, higher pack-years were associated with higher AI (B = 0.85; 95% CI, 0.60-1.14) and central pulse pressure (B = 0.84; 95% CI, 0.46-1.21). Using restricted cubic splines, we observed a negative linear association for AI, but non-linear associations for characteristic impedance and central pulse pressure, with higher time since quit (all P < 0.001). Additionally, we observed non-linear patterns of central arterial measures with smoking cessation by smoking burden (<20 vs. ≥20 pack-years). In longitudinal models, we observed higher increases in AI among participants who persistently quit (4.62 ± 0.41%; P < 0.001) and persistently smoked (5.48 ± 0.70%; P = 0.002) compared with participants who never smoked (3.45 ± 0.37%). Central arterial measures are sensitive to differences and changes in smoking behaviour. Longer cessation may revert central arterial measures to levels observed with lower smoking exposure.
Published Version
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call