Abstract
The current work aimed to evaluate the cross-reactivity of human immune sera against crude hydatid fluid antigens of sheep, human, mouse, cattle, as well as B fraction of cystic fluid antigen. 30 balb/c mice were infected with sheep hydatid cyct fluid antigen containing protoscolex after the viability of these protoscolices was assessed. ANOVA was used to test the difference of themean of optical density (OD) values among case and control groups. The highest human IgG class antibody was against antigen B (0.93) and the lowest against cattle HCF antigen (0.32). The differences between responses to these antigens were statistically significant (P < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA test used for evaluating the responses of human total IgG to different hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) antigens among the case and control groups were 100 and 95.8%, respectively. Cross-reaction of human IgG class and subclasses responses was found almost for all the antigens with the best reaction against human and cattle (HCF) antigens and antigen B using a ratio of mean OD value to each antigen divided by the cut-off point value for the same antigen. Human sera showed a considerable cross-reactivity against all antigens by using ELISA.
Highlights
Hydatidosis is a chronic, cyst-forming, parasitic disease of human and domestic or wild animals
When hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) from the four different host origins were used in ELISA, similar results with all 30 human sera were observed, so that IgG4 had the highest mean against most antigens, while IgG total stood at the second place
It is worth to say that the pattern was similar to the above mentioned antigens showing that human sera can react with the HCF antigens of human and animals at a similar way even with stronger response against some animal antigens bearing in mind the hypothesis of this study that there is a cross-reaction of antibody to different antigens
Summary
Hydatidosis is a chronic, cyst-forming, parasitic disease of human and domestic or wild animals. It is caused by infection with the larval stages of dog/fox tapeworms (cestodes) belonging to the genus Echinococcus (family Taeniidae), which is referred to as Echinococcosis [1]. Human AE causes approximately 0.3–0.5 million cases (all in the Northern Hemisphere) annually [1]. As these parasites are complex multicellular pathogens that are able to modulate antiparasite immune responses and persist and flourish in their mammalian hosts, understanding how the immune system deals with these parasites is a major challenge [1]. Though recent application of modern molecular and immunological approaches has elucidated some insights on the nature of immune responses generated during the course of hydatid infection, many aspects of the Echinococcus host interplay have remained unexplored yet [1]
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