Abstract
Background and Aim:Cystic echinococcosis (CE)/hydatidosis is one of the most prevalent neglected zoonotic diseases. It is initially asymptomatic and does not produce any clinical signs until the cyst becomes enlarged, causing localized pressure on internal organs and tissues. Therefore, the detection of Echinococcus granulosus antibodies is highly essential. This study evaluated the antigens of hydatid cyst fluid, protoscoleces, and germinal layers for efficient immunological diagnosis of CE in humans and camels.Materials and Methods:Hydatid cyst fluid (FLc), protoscoleces (Psc), and the germinal layer (GLc) antigens were prepared from camel-lung hydatid cysts. In the same way, hydatid cyst fluid (FLh) and protoscoleces (Psh) antigens from human-liver cyst aspirate were produced. The comparative immunodiagnostic efficacy of the prepared antigens was verified using indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), SDS-PAGE, and immunoblotting.Results:ELISA proves that FLc and GLc antigens were higher than FLh and Psh antigens. This shows that binding reactivity in naturally infected human sera, camel sera, and Psc is the most potent, exhibiting 100% sensitivity with 78.26% and 76.47% specificity in camel and human sera, respectively. The CE prevalence using diagnostic Psc was 54.79% and 61.32% in tested human and camel sera, respectively. The electrophoretic profiles of all shared antigens showed similarities at 52, 41, and 22 kDa. Immunoblotting demonstrated common immune-reactive bands in all antigen types at 52 and 41 kDa against positive human and camel sera.Conclusion:This immunological study introduces camel hydatid cyst Psc as a potent diagnostic antigen and new immune-reactive fractions of 52 and 41 kDa for diagnosing hydatidosis in humans and camels.
Highlights
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is still one of the major zoonotic parasitic infections generated by the canine cestode parasite larval stage, Echinococcus granulosus, which affects humans and most domestic and feral mammals [1]
This shows that binding reactivity in naturally infected human sera, camel sera, and Protoscoleces antigen (Psc) is the most potent, exhibiting 100% sensitivity with 78.26% and 76.47% specificity in camel and human sera, respectively
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was adopted to evaluate the potency of Psc in CE diagnosis among positive and healthy camel and human sera
Summary
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is still one of the major zoonotic parasitic infections generated by the canine cestode parasite larval stage (hydatid cyst), Echinococcus granulosus, which affects humans and most domestic and feral mammals [1]. Hydatidosis is widespread, occurring in the Middle East, Egypt [2], the U.S, Australia, China, the Mediterranean, Europe, and Africa [3] This disease has a social and economic impact on humans and livestock, causing serious losses from low productivity and organ failure in the infected animal species and human health risks associated with the cost of treating hydatid cystic. Cystic echinococcosis (CE)/hydatidosis is one of the most prevalent neglected zoonotic diseases It is initially asymptomatic and does not produce any clinical signs until the cyst becomes enlarged, causing localized pressure on internal organs and tissues. This study evaluated the antigens of hydatid cyst fluid, protoscoleces, and germinal layers for efficient immunological diagnosis of CE in humans and camels
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