Cross-platform virtual reality for real-time construction safety training using immersive web and industry foundation classes

Abstract

Virtual reality (VR) has been studied extensively in the construction industry, particularly for safety training, as it is capable of simulating the hazardous areas of a construction site in a virtual environment that enables workers to visualize the real scenario before being introduced to job sites. However, at present, VR safety training requires specialized hardware and software, thus limiting worker access as only a few workers can participate in each training session. Therefore, this paper proposes a cross-platform framework based on Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) and WebXR (Immersive Web) for conveniently accessible VR safety training (CPVR) in the construction industry. Workers can access VR safety training sessions using their mobile device or desktop with the aid of the recommended framework. Furthermore, they can interact and communicate with other participants in real-time. A prototype based on the CPVR framework was developed, and its practicality and effectiveness for safety training were validated by senior students, managers, site engineers, and workers in the construction field. The proposed framework would help improve employees, particularly the worker, accessibility to VR safety training, which enables them to receive training at any time and from any location to enhance their awareness and knowledge. Furthermore, it could generate collaboration among employees and help assist managers in assessing employees' safety knowledge.