Critical submergence for multiple pipe intakes by the potential flow solution

Abstract

The critical submergence for a group of multiple pipe intakes is predicted using a potential flow solution. Experimental and theoretical results indicate that the critical submergence is considerably affected by the flows and relative positions of the intakes within the group. If there exists an imposed or induced circulation of sufficient strength, an air-core vortex may develop without intake discharge. The agreement between the potential solution and the experimental results related to the group of four intakes is satisfactory. The method presented herein can also be used for multiple intakes located in general flow and geometrical conditions, including still-water or circulation-imposed flows.