Abstract
Abstract Repeatable in vivo bioeffects have only been observed in mammalian tissue where the exposure produces hyperthermia and agreement exists between the measured temperature increase and that predicted from the temporal average intensity and time of exposure to ultrasound. However, some nonthermal in vitro studies have shown that for equivalent average intensities pulsed ultrasound is more effective than continuous wave in producing the biological change (see Tables 10–12). In vitro studies with cell suspensions utilizing stable cavitation mechanisms have shown the extent of platelet aggregation around acoustically active bubbles to be most strongly dependent on pulse duration. Conditions during the pulse are particularly important where cavitation is the main underlying mechanism, and studies of mortality in Drosophila larvae caused by exposure to microsecond pulses have shown the temporal peak intensity to be a better predictor of the bioeffect than the SPTA intensity parameters.
Published Version
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