Critical assessment and intervention in young patients with neurological emergencies

Abstract

Neurological emergencies in young patients require prompt recognition and intervention to avert irreversible damage or death. These emergencies encompass acute conditions such as strokes, traumatic brain injuries, status epilepticus, and infections like meningitis. Recent advancements in neuroimaging, including portable MRI, have significantly improved diagnostic capabilities. Management protocols are evolving, with notable progress in treatments such as intravenous thrombolysis and mechanical thrombectomy for acute ischemic stroke. For status epilepticus, the timely administration of antiepileptic drugs is vital. Furthermore, addressing conditions like myasthenic crisis and acute intracranial hypertension involves specific interventions such as plasmapheresis, IV immunoglobulin, and targeted ventilation strategies. Delirium management in hospitalized patients highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, incorporating both pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments. Education and continuous professional development are essential to keep healthcare providers abreast of the latest diagnostic and therapeutic advancements. This review synthesizes current practices in the assessment and intervention of neurological emergencies, emphasizing the importance of timely, evidence-based management to improve patient outcomes.