Critical analysis of educational theories and their pedagogical practices: the applicability and the impact in the school context

Abstract

The analysis of the main educational theories – Constructivism, Behaviorism, Socio-Constructivist Theory, Cognitivism, Humanism, and Connectivism – and their practical applications demonstrates the importance of a diverse and adaptive pedagogical approach. Constructivism: Focused on the active construction of knowledge by the student, it promotes meaningful and contextualized learning. Project-based learning (PBL) is a practice that increases student motivation and performance. Behaviorism: Emphasizes changing behavior through positive and negative reinforcements. Classroom reinforcement programs encourage appropriate behaviors, resulting in a more productive learning environment. Socio-Constructivist Theory: Highlights the importance of social and cultural interaction in learning. Methods such as cooperative learning improve academic performance and strengthen collaboration among students. Cognitivism: Focuses on internal thought processes, using tools such as mind maps to help students organize and structure knowledge, promoting critical thinking skills. Humanism: Focused on the student's personal and emotional development, it values ​​self-actualization and well-being. Welcoming learning environments and student-centered curricula promote individual growth. Connectivism: Addresses learning in the digital age, highlighting the importance of information networks and educational technologies. Integrating online platforms expands access to knowledge and involves students and parents more in the educational process.