CRITERIA AND MECHANISMS OF RATIONING OF SANITARY PROTECTION ZONES: DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE

Abstract

The tendencies of change of domestic requirements to sanitary protection zones are analyzed. It was found that the criteria and mechanisms for rationing of sanitary protection zones and their sizes in Ukraine have not changed significantly over the past 30 years.
 The foreign experience of sanitary classification of industrial enterprises and the sizes of sanitary protection zones for them is studied. The criteria and mechanisms of rationing of sanitary protection zones in relation to residential areas in different countries of the world are revealed. Classification of countries according to the mechanisms of rationing of sanitary protection zones has been carried out.
 There were detected tree groups of countries in which: on the nationwide level approved a clear sanitary classification of enterprises, industries and facilities and strictly regulated sizes of sanitary protection zones for them; on the nationwide level, the sanitary classification of enterprises is of a recommendatory nature, there are regional or local regulations on the sizes of buffer zone, setback distances and safe zone; sanitary classification of industrial facilities of hazard classes is unclear, the sizes of sanitary protection zones are set only for certain types of industrial enterprises.
 There were identified reasons for differences in the sizes and criteria for the establishment of sanitary protection zones in different countries.
 The differences between the sizes of sanitary protection zones and the criteria for their establishment in different countries are explained by: using different of technologies in production; different sanitary requirements for the relative positions of industrial facilities and residential areas; time of writing and validity of standards and regulations for the establishment of sanitary protection zones; the speed of response of legislative and regulatory government agencies to the emergence of new technologies for use in production processes; decision-making mechanism for the establishment of sanitary protection zones; involvement of different groups of experts in terms of composition and qualification to discuss and adopt at the legislative level urban planning and sanitary requirements for the relative positions of industrial facilities and residential areas.
 It is proved that the mechanism of establishment and standardization of sanitary protection zones is closely connected with the form of government, administrative-territorial structure of the state and features of its legislative activity.