Abstract
The significance of propaganda in the information warfare is a heatedly discussed topic in civil society, politics and science. This paper provides contemporary views on the role online communication plays in the dissemination of propaganda and the emerging challenges concerning criminalization of new types of propaganda in the context of the Russo-Ukrainian war, as well as addresses the potential effectiveness of such criminalization. The international literature on human rights defines 1) fakes and libel, 2) hate propaganda, 3) subversive propaganda and 4) propaganda for aggressive warfare or incitement to genocide as illegal types of propaganda. International agreements commit the rule-of-law states to introduce criminal liability for war, terrorism, discrimination and hate propaganda. Nevertheless, international law does not specify on the legality of propaganda. Amongst other questions is, e. g., whether it is possible for a democratic state to derogate from the European Convention on Human Rights in wartime conditions. The conducted research can provide the basis for future attempts to strike the balance between countering online-propaganda and ensuring freedom of speech.
Published Version
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