Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is the leading cause of cancer death. Although prevention (smoking cessation) has deeper effects over mortality for LC than screening disease, the use of low-dose spiral chest computed tomography (LDCT) for LC screening has the potential capacity to reduce significantly its mortality. First detection trials with chest radiography or chest radiography plus sputum cytology in high-risk men were ineffective in decreasing mortality rate. A large randomized controlled trial (National Lung Screening Trial) performed to assess the effectiveness of LDCT in current and former heavy smokers (at least 30 pack-year and at least 15 years from smoking cessation respectively) demonstrated a reduction of lung-cancer-specific and all-causes mortality.
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