Abstract
Creative thinking involves the activities of complex skills and cognitive abilities, personality factors and motivations, styles, strategies, and metacognitive skills. Therefore, creative-thinking skills can reflect the students’ personality considered as unique individuals. On the other hand, the effectiveness of education can be seen from teaching practices and class climate. The application of guided inquiry learning (GIL) and problem-based learning (PBL) models is one effort to improve the effectiveness of education. This research is a mixed-method case study that aims to describe the behaviour of groups of students, studying with GIL and PBL, with high, moderate, and low creative-thinking skills. The mixed-method analysis applied is a concurrent embedded strategy that combines primary data (qualitative) and secondary data (quantitative) to complement each other. The results showed that the application of the GIL and PBL models was proved to be effective for learning explanatory writing skills. In terms of the creative-thinking skills, the higher the students' creative-thinking skills are, the higher their explanatory writing skills will be. Students who have high creative-thinking skills also exhibit prominent attitudes during the learning process, such as intensity of asking frequently with substantive questions on the subject matter and having good opinion and leadership skills.
Highlights
The education world is inseparable from the learning model applied in the classroom
PISA 2018 suggests that the main challenge of PISA concerns measuring and documenting educational outcomes that have been achieved until the age of 15 years
The qualitative data in the form of observations and interviews were used as primary data sources, while the quantitative data consist of test scores of creative-thinking skills and explanatory writing skills used as secondary methods and embedded into the primary method to support each other and strengthen the research results
Summary
The education world is inseparable from the learning model applied in the classroom. This is a major factor in determining the success of educational goals. Educational innovation starts from a class before being applied to a wider scale. Educational innovation is a challenge for educators because they must address the needs of different students in a class. Educational innovations carried out must look in terms of student characteristics and academic needs. Academic needs can be done by implementing innovative learning models. PISA reveals that the effectiveness of education can be identified from teacher qualifications, teaching practices, class climate, study time and learning opportunities provided both inside and outside of school [1, p. PISA reveals that the effectiveness of education can be identified from teacher qualifications, teaching practices, class climate, study time and learning opportunities provided both inside and outside of school [1, p. 100]
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