Creation of Two-Particle Entanglement in Open Macroscopic Quantum Systems

Abstract

We consider an open quantum system ofNnot directly interacting spins (qubits) in contact with both local and collective thermal environments. The qubit-environment interactions are energy conserving. We trace out the variables of the thermal environments andN−2qubits to obtain the time-dependent reduced density matrix for two arbitrary qubits. We numerically simulate the reduced dynamics and the creation of entanglement (concurrence) as a function of the parameters of the thermal environments and the number of qubits,N. Our results demonstrate that the two-qubit entanglement generally decreases asNincreases. We show analytically that, in the limitN→∞, no entanglement can be created. This indicates that collective thermal environments cannot create two-qubit entanglement when many qubits are located within a region of the size of the environment coherence length. We discuss possible relevance of our consideration to recent quantum information devices and biosystems.