Creation of initial material using embryoculture and remote hybridization in the breeding of winter bread wheat

Abstract

Aim. The research was to improve the technology of creating genetic diversity of samples obtained by remote hybridization of soft winter wheat and speltum wheat with usuing the biotechnological link in the selection scheme. Methods. Remote hybridization of plants is an effective method of obtaining new starting material. The research was conducted in the biotechnology laboratory of the Uman National University of Horticulture during 2018–2022. The initial maternal form was the soft winter wheat varieties Artemisia, Smuglyanka, Zolotokolosa and the parental form was the winter spelt variety Zorya Ukrainy. After hybridization, immature twelve-day-old embryos were planted on modified versions of MS nutrient medium and cultivated at 25 °C in the dark until macrostructures were formed. Results. The technology of obtaining hybrid material by remote hybridization of Triticum aestivum L. / Triticum spelta L. and its use in the selection scheme of the biotechnological link has been improved. Conclusions. A nutrient medium for the development of immature hybrid wheat germs has been developed. The highest yield of seedlings (40.0% on average by genotype) on the modified Murashige-Skug medium, which included 1,5 mg/l 6-benzylaminopurine, 0,5 mg/l indolylacetic acid, 1,0 mg/l gibberellin, 2,0 mg/l glutamine, 2,0 mg/l glycine, 0,5 mg/l serine, 100,0 mg/l meso-inositol, 50,0 g/l sucrose was recorded. It was noted that the induction of the development of biomaterial from hybrid immature embryos is a genetically determined factor. The possibility of obtaining genetic diversity of forms that can be used by donors of genes of individual traits using embryo culture was shown.