Creation of an electric bus with hydrogen fuel cells in the Russian Federation

Abstract

Environmental problems are considered, and the impact of motor vehicles on the environment is assessed. The effects of existing international treaties on changes in the volume of harmful emissions from motor vehicles are considered. The main indicators of the European-Asian energy strategies for the transition to an alternative form of energy - hydrogen -are analyzed. The requirements of the current environmental programs are outlined. The volumes and types of electric vehicles are estimated as an alternative to traditional vehicles based on internal combustion engines, a forecast for the development of sales of electric vehicles is given. The main types of fuel cells and the characteristics of electric vehicles with hydrogen fuel cells are given. The number of operated hydrogen buses in the world and examples of incentive programs are given. As a rationale for the need to use environment-friendly vehicles, air quality indicators in Moscow are given. Information reviews (patents, regulations of the Russian Federation, foreign and Russian publications in peer-reviewed journals, etc.) were used to analyze the existing problems and tasks of developing an electric bus on hydrogen fuel cells (hydrogen bus). In the process of designing a hydrogen bus, the rules and methods for the design and development of automotive equipment at KAMAZ PJSC were applied. Strength calculations and energy consumption calculations were carried out for driving on a city route. The result of the design is a prototype of the Russian KAMAZ-6290 hydrogen bus. A comparative assessment of the operating costs of an electric bus and a hydrogen bus is given in terms of indicators for Moscow, Russia. Further plans and prospects for the development of hydrogen automotive technology in Russia are given. The relevance of the study is confirmed by the growing trend in the share of hydrogen used in various industries.