Buses

Abstract

AbstractIf net zero targets are to be achieved, policymakers will need to encourage a modal shift from personal vehicles towards low carbon public transport, for example electric and hydrogen buses. This is because emissions per person per kilometre travelled remains significantly lower for bus users. Conventionally fuelled buses will not meet emission reduction targets, even with technological advancements. Therefore, integration of electric buses (EBs) and hydrogen buses (HBs) will need to be introduced, as both emit lower levels of emissions provided, they are fuelled from renewable resources. Although EBs produce the lowest level of emissions, it is likely that a combination of both EBs and HBs will be required as EBs are more suited to urban areas due to their current range and the frequency to be charged. HBs have a larger range and require additional infrastructure, making them more suited to more rural areas and long-distance routes. Policymakers need to focus on encouraging a modal shift from personal transport towards sustainable public transport as simple electrification of personal vehicles will not meet the required targets.