Abstract
Experimental data on the creation of fodder agrocenoses for the production of green feed in the spring and early summer period is presented. The research was conducted in 2014-2016 in the forest-steppe zone of the Trans-Baikal Territory. The study included winter and spring rye crops and cabbage. It was established that the promising crop that gives the earliest green feed is the winter rye of autumn sowing. It was characterized by a high regrow capacity and formed two yield cuttings in the tillering phase. The yield of green mass was 7.7 t/ha, dry matter – 1.36 t/ha, output of feed units was 1.34 t/ha, the amount of digestible protein – 279 kg/ha. In the phase of stem elongation, the figures were 10.0 t/ ha, 2.17 t/ha, 1.93 t/ha, 287 kg/ ha, respectively; in the earing phase (one cutting) – 9.3 t/ha, 3.30 t/ha, 2.65 t/ha, 287 kg/ha, respectively. Feed biomass was of higher quality when used in the period of tillering, where the content of digestible protein per one feed unit was 206-210 g. The spring sowings of winter rye were inferior to the autumn sowings in the amount of two cuttings in the tillering phase: green mass by 3.3 t/ha, dry matter 0.58 t/ha, feed units 0.58 t/ha, digestible protein 113 kg/ha; in the stem elongation phase: 5.5 t/ha, 1,27 t/ha, 1.15 t/ ha, 168 kg/ha, respectively. Crops of spring rape, oil radish and spring rye are also important, since they allow to obtain a sufficiently high yield in the early summer period. In the budding phase the yield of green mass of cabbage crops was 22.8 and 18.3 t/ ha, dry matter – 2.69 and 2.78 t/ha, feed units – 2.70 and 2.25 t/ha, digestible protein – 648 and 599 kg/ ha; in the flowering phase the figures for oil radish were 21.5 t/ha, 2.56 t/ha, 2.57 t/ha, 499 kg/ ha, respectively. In the tillering phase the figures for spring rye in the amount of two cuttings were 7.3 t/ ha, 1.31 t/ha, 1.11 t/ha, 210 kg/ ha, respectively; in the phase of stem prolongation – 3.8 t/ha, 0.82 t/ ha, 0,87 t/ha, 105 kg/ha, respectively.
Highlights
Представлены экспериментальные данные по созданию кормовых агроценозов для производства зеленых кормов в весенний и раннелетний период
It was established that the promising crop that gives the earliest green feed is the winter rye of autumn sowing
It was characterized by a high regrow capacity and formed two yield cuttings in the tillering phase
Summary
Создание агроценозов кормовых культур для весеннего и раннелетнего использования в лесостепной зоне Забайкальского края тельное количество каротина [1]. Высокая оценка озимой ржи дана в исследованиях Л. Гавриленко, который отмечал, что в весенний период в течение 15–18 дней в качестве зеленого корма можно использовать посевы данной культуры. В условиях лесостепной зоны Забайкалья высокие кормовые достоинства яровой ржи подтверждены опытами Э.В. Вегетативная масса яровой ржи – прекрасный источник зеленого корма. Многие исследователи для повышения кормовой ценности и решения проблемы белковой недостаточности в кормах в условиях Сибири рекомендуют широко использовать высокобелковые морозоустойчивые скороспелые капустные культуры [2,3,4,5,6,7]. Цель исследований – изучить перспективные культуры, адаптивные к условиям выращивания, для создания кормовых агроценозов при производстве зеленых кормов в весенний и раннелетний период
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