Abstract
Previous research revealed the connection between students’ behavioral and emotional engagement and a supportive classroom environment. One of the primary tools teachers have to create a supportive classroom environment is effective feedback. In this study, we assessed the supportive classroom environment using the perception shared by all students from the same classroom of teachers’ use of effective feedback. We aimed to explore the effect of such an environment on students’ behavioral engagement and school identification. Using a probabilistic sample of 1,188 students from 75 classrooms across 6th, 7th, 9th, and 10th grades, we employed multilevel regression modeling with random intercept and fixed slopes. We explored the effects of both individual perceptions of teachers’ use of effective feedback and the supportive classroom environment on student engagement. The analyses identified that students who perceived that their teachers use more effective feedback had a higher level of behavioral engagement and school identification. Once we controlled the effects of these individual perceptions of teachers’ effective feedback, we still observed the effect of a supportive classroom environment on student engagement. So, in classrooms where teachers used more effective feedback creating a supportive classroom environment, students had higher school identification and behavioral engagement levels, regardless of their individual perceptions of teachers’ feedback. The association between variables remained significant even after controlling students’ characteristics (gender, nationality, mother’s level of education, history of grade retention) and classroom characteristics (grade level, type of school, number of students at grade level). Our findings support the potential of teachers’ feedback practices to foster students’ school identification and behavioral engagement to build a more inclusive school environment and value students’ diversity.
Highlights
Students’ behavioral engagement and school identification are considered a critical catalyst for their learning and performance (Korpershoek et al, 2019)
Based on previous studies (e.g., Burns et al, 2019; Kyaruzi et al, 2019), we suggest that the use of effective feedback create a supportive classroom environment that will positively influence of students’ school identification
These results indicated that students in classrooms where teachers used more effective feedback, creating a supportive classroom environment, had higher levels of school identification and behavioral engagement, regardless of their individual perceptions of teachers’ use of effective feedback
Summary
Students’ behavioral engagement and school identification are considered a critical catalyst for their learning and performance (Korpershoek et al, 2019). Students who value school and feel that they belong there are more likely to behaviorally engage in school activities, experience more in-depth learning, and improve their academic achievement (Voelkl, 2012). Most of this research had investigated perceived teacher feedback at the individual level (e.g., Koka and Hein, 2005: Koka and Hein, 2006; Leh et al, 2014; Conboy et al, 2015; Vattøy and Smith, 2019; Wang and Zhang, 2020) This means that the effectiveness of teacher feedback can promote learning, increase achievement and foster student motivation and engagement
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