Abstract
Dystrophic skeletal muscle cells from Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) patients and mdx mice exhibit elevated cytosolic Ca 2+ concentrations ([Ca 2+] c). Pretreatment of mdx myotubes for 6–12 days with creatine (20 mM) decreased the elevation in [Ca 2+] c induced by either high extracellular Ca 2+ concentrations or hypo-osmotic stress to control levels. 45Ca 2+ influx measurements suggest that creatine lowered [Ca 2+] c by stimulating sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+-ATPase. Creatine pretreatment increased levels of phosphocreatine but not ATP. Furthermore, myotube formation and survival were significantly enhanced by creatine pretreatment. Therefore, creatine supplementation may be useful for treatment of DMD.
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