Abstract
This study has defined the cephalometric values of the Craniofacial Analysis of the Tweed Foundation for a sample of Brazilian subjects. The sample consisted of 211 cephalometric radiographs from subjects aged 12-15, which were divided into two groups: Class II group, with 168 lateral teleradiographs (cephalograms) of white Brazilian subjects, with Angle Class II, division 1 malocclusion, of both genders (82 males and 86 females); and the Control Group, with 43 lateral teleradiographs (cephalograms) of subjects whose occlusion was clinically excellent, and also of both genders (21 males and 22 females). The teleradiographs were selected from the files of the Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, State University of Campinas, previously to the orthodontic treatment. The results demonstrated no sexual dimorphism for each group, as attested by the Student's t-test. The exploratory analysis (+/- 0.5 standard deviation) enabled the tolerance limits to be determined and a Craniofacial Analysis Table to be constructed using the respective cephalometric intervals. In addition, the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant according to the maxilla position. The maxilla was in a good position in relation to the cranial base. On the other hand, the mandible was retruded in relation to the cranial base in the Class II cases. The skeletal pattern was not defined because only the Facial Height Index (FHI) showed a vertical pattern in Class II subjects, while the Y Axis, SN.PlO, SN.GoMe and FMA values did not show any statistically significant difference between the groups. The Class II division 1 subjects showed lower incisors more labially tipped and a convex facial profile.
Highlights
The process of judgment of an existent problem is called diagnosis and depends on the largest possible quantity of collected data
This table will be offered as a suggestion for the Differential Diagnostic System of the Tweed Foundation for calculating the treatment difficulty in white Brazilian individuals with Angle Class II, division 1 malocclusion. This way, the intervals for Craniofacial Analysis cephalometric variables in a Brazilian sample were defined: FMA ranging from 23.75° to 29.21°; Z Angle ranging from 64.52° to 79.14°; ANB ranging from 1.89° to 6.61°; Occlusal Plane ranging from 3.11° to 8.52°; SNB ranging from 76.65° to 80.84° and Facial Height Index (FHI) ranging from 0.61 to 0.72
Based on the results obtained from the studied sample, the intervals for Craniofacial Analysis cephalometric variables for the Brazilian sample were defined: FMA ranging from 23.75° to 29.21°; Z Angle ranging from 64.52° to 79.14°; ANB ranging from 1.89° to 6.61°; Occlusal Plane ranging from 3.11° to 8.52°; SNB ranging from 76.65° to 80.84° and FHI ranging from 0.61 to 0.72
Summary
The process of judgment of an existent problem is called diagnosis and depends on the largest possible quantity of collected data. The orthodontic diagnosis of malocclusion depends on early correct detection and it is a fundamental point for the treatment planning. The establishment of any orthodontic treatment is marked by the identification of present abnormalities, and similar problems are frequently systematized for convenience purposes. This procedure, called classification, has always been one of the great challenges in the history of Orthodontics. That line was extended to the horizontal Frankfort plane so as to compose the Z angle. The author observed that the Z angle presented a medium value of 80° for adults and 78° for subjects from 11 to 15 years of age, with harmonic faces and normal values of FMA, FMIA and IMPA
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