Abstract

Reduced brain size, compared with wild individuals, is argued to be a key characteristic of domesticated mammal species, and often cited as a key component of a putative ‘domestication syndrome’. However, brain size comparisons are often based on old, inaccessible literature and in some cases drew comparisons between domestic animals and wild species that are no longer thought to represent the true progenitor species of the domestic species in question. Here we replicate studies on cranial volumes in domestic cats that were published in the 1960s and 1970s, comparing wildcats, domestic cats and their hybrids. Our data indicate that domestic cats indeed, have smaller cranial volumes (implying smaller brains) relative to both European wildcats (Felis silvestris) and the wild ancestors of domestic cats, the African wildcats (Felis lybica), verifying older results. We further found that hybrids of domestic cats and European wildcats have cranial volumes that cluster between those of the two parent species. Apart from replicating these studies, we also present new data on palate length in Felis cat skulls, showing that domestic cat palates are shorter than those of European wildcats but longer than those of African wildcats. Our data are relevant to current discussions of the causes and consequences of the ‘domestication syndrome’ in domesticated mammals.

Highlights

  • Reduced brain size, compared with wild individuals, is argued to be a key characteristic of domesticated mammal species, and often cited as a key component of a putative ‘domestication syndrome’

  • We further found that hybrids of domestic cats and European wildcats have cranial volumes that cluster between those of the two parent species

  • We found that domestic cats have the smallest cranial volume compared with F. silvestris, F. lybica and F. silvestris × F. catus hybrids

Read more

Summary

Introduction

Reduced brain size, compared with wild individuals, is argued to be a key characteristic of domesticated mammal species, and often cited as a key component of a putative ‘domestication syndrome’. The neural crest cell hypothesis describes how selection for tameness in the domestication of animals may have caused a downregulation in the migration and proliferation of neural crest cells, leading to decreased excitability and fear (tameness) This downregulation may cause correlated changes to morphology, stress response and brain size [7,8]. More recent genetic evidence has confirmed that the African wildcat (F. lybica), the subspecies F. lybica lybica, is the ancestor to today’s domestic cats [15,16] Both Hemmer [1] and Schauenberg [2] recognized that the European wildcat was not the ancestral species to domestic cats. It is important to note these differences in cranial volume between different domestic cat and wildcat taxa as part of the wider discussion as to whether domestic cats are truly domesticated (see Discussion)

Methods
Results
Conclusion
Full Text
Published version (Free)

Talk to us

Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have

Schedule a call