Cracking behaviour and its suppression mechanisms with TiB2 additions in the laser additive manufacturing of solid-solution-strengthened Ni-based alloys

Abstract

This study systematically investigated the cracking mechanisms in the laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) of GH3230 solid-solution-strengthened Ni-based alloy (GH0). The results show that the micro-cracks that formed in GH0 specimens included both solidification and solid-state cracks. The initiation of solidification cracks was associated with the formation of continuous liquid films on high-angle grain boundaries at the final stage of solidification, while the solid-state cracks were found to be ductility-dip cracks, associated with a reduction in the material's plasticity within the heat-affected zone. The study also found that the residual stresses decreased with increasing LSS values, leading to reductions in crack length. The introduction of 1 wt% TiB2 particles to GH3230 (GH1-composite) was found to suppress cracking by promoting grain refinement and generating special high-angle grain boundaries, although residual thermal stresses increased. The ultimate tensile strength values of the GH0 and GH1-composite specimens at 900 °C were found to be 213 and 352 MPa, respectively. These findings provide significant insights into the LPBF of high-performance crack-free Ni-based superalloys.