Abstract
In the last decade, energy harvesting wireless sensor network (EHWSN) has been well developed. By harvesting energy from the surrounding environment, sensors in EHWSN remove the energy constraint and have an unlimited lifetime in theory. The long-lasting character makes EHWSN suitable for Industry 4.0 applications that usually need sensors to monitor the machine state and detect errors continuously. Most wireless sensor network protocols have become inefficient in EHWSN due to neglecting the energy harvesting property. In this paper, we propose CPEH, which is a clustering protocol specially designed for the EHWSN. CPEH considers the diversity of the energy harvesting ability among sensors in both cluster formation and intercluster communication. It takes the node’s information such as local energy state, local density, and remote degree into account and uses fuzzy logic to conduct the cluster head selection and cluster size allocation. Meanwhile, the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) as a reinforcement learning strategy is utilized by CPEH to discover a highly efficient intercluster routing between cluster heads and the base station. Furthermore, to avoid cluster dormancy, CPEH introduces the Cluster Head Relay (CHR) strategy to allow the proper cluster member to undertake the cluster head that is energy depletion. We make a detailed simulation of CPEH with some famous clustering protocols under different network scenarios. The result shows that CPEH can effectively improve the network throughput and delivery ratio than others as well as successfully solve the cluster dormancy problem.
Highlights
The automatic and unmanned operation is one of the most prominent characters in the Industry 4.0 era [1, 2]
We propose CPEH, which is a clustering protocol designed explicitly for energy harvesting wireless sensor network (EHWSN)
We adopt the fuzzy logic system to handle the uncertain nature of EHWSN and construct clusters more appropriately
Summary
The automatic and unmanned operation is one of the most prominent characters in the Industry 4.0 era [1, 2]. There are currently many protocols designed for WSN trying to extend the practical network lifetime [5,6,7,8] by saving and balancing the energy consumption among sensors. Researchers proposed the energy harvesting wireless sensor network (EHWSN) to realize the long-term operation [10, 11]. The protocol can balance the workload over different sensors and utilize the network harvested energy properly by reconstructing the clusters, whereas despite the advantages, at the present stage, most clustering protocols are designed for traditional WSN. The leading aspiration of EHWSN has turned to maximize the network performance under the energy harvesting restrictions Both the cluster formation and the intercluster routing of current clustering protocols do not consider the different energy harvesting rates between sensors, resulting in a performance decline.
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