Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the classification and description of the cowpox virus, its hosts, the key developments regarding the virus, and the diagnostic techniques and reagents. Cowpox virus produces localized lesions on the teats of cattle. Fatal dermal or pulmonary infections may occur in exotic and domestic feline species and localized lesions may be seen in man. The hosts that are infected by cowpox virus include cattle, okapi, anteater, man, and several species of felines. The virus was first isolated by Jenner in 1798. It was first shown to be distinct from vaccinia virus in 1939. Russian strains are enzootic in rodents, which may represent the reservoir.
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