Abstract
Even though severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been observed to principally affect the respiratory system, neurological involvements have already been reported in some published work. We have reviewed original articles, case reports, and existing open-source data-sets to delineate the spectrum of neurological disorders potentially observed in SARS-CoV-2 positive cases. Neurological involvement in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) corresponds to three situations: (a) neurological manifestations of viral infection, (b) post-infective neurological complications, and (c) infection in patients with neurological co-morbidity. Neurological manifestations can further be subdivided into the central nervous system (headache, dizziness, alteration of the sensorium, ataxia encephalitis, stroke, and seizures) and peripheral nervous system (skeletal muscle injury and peripheral nerve involvement including hyposmia and hypogeusia) symptomatology. Post-infective neurological complications include demyelinating conditions. Reduced mobility and dementia as co-morbidities may predispose a patient to have a viral infection. It is concluded that the pandemic of COVID-19 presents for a neurologist some unique challenges. We observe that SARS-CoV-2 may have various neurological manifestations and in many cases, neurological features may precede typical respiratory symptoms.
Highlights
BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic on the 11th of March, 2020 by the World Health Organization
We have reviewed original articles, case reports, and existing open-source data-sets to delineate the spectrum of neurological disorders potentially observed in SARS-CoV-2 positive cases
We have reviewed the recently published or pre-print original articles, case reports, and existing open-source data-sets in order to delineate the spectrum of neurological disorders in SARS-CoV-2 positive cases
Summary
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been declared a pandemic on the 11th of March, 2020 by the World Health Organization. Each of these cases had a usual latency of five to ten days before the onset of neurological symptoms, one of the patients, similar to the previous one reported from China, was found negative on viral reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) at the outset only to be detected positive subsequently This observation is ominous because of two reasons: (1) there is a chance of inadvertent exposure to the infectious virus in the neurology ward both for attending health care staffs and other patients; (2) GBS is a disorder known to rapidly affect respiratory muscles if bulbar involvement sets in which can cause sudden poorly explained worsening of a patient's status if the diagnosis of COVID-19 has not already been established. This will help early initiation of therapy and will halt the chain of transmission
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