COVID-19 infection and the menstrual cycle, the aftermath of a pandemic

Abstract

Objectives: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the potential impact of vaccinations on menstrual cycle patterns was not initially a widely discussed side effect. However, as the global race to develop an effective vaccine intensified, a significant concern arose about the potential effects on menstrual disturbances, catapulting this issue to the forefront of health priorities. Materials and Methods Our study employed a unique descriptive cross-sectional design, using face-to-face interviews and a meticulously structured questionnaire to collect data. We focused on menstruating women aged 18 to 50 from May 31 to July 31, 2022, and specifically asked about their menstrual cycles in the first 12 cycles following either COVID-19 infection or vaccination. Results The survey was completed; 244 women who had confirmed COVID-19 infections and 305 women who had received at least two doses of the vaccine as recommended by health authorities. Among these, 80 (32%) reported changes in their menstrual cycle patterns post-infection, and 48 (15.74%) noted changes following vaccination. Conclusion Our findings highlight two critical, interrelated conclusions. Firstly, COVID-19 infection and vaccination can directly affect the menstrual cycle, notwithstanding momentarily. Secondly, most alterations dissipate within six months post-infection or after receiving the third vaccine dose