Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic, which caused by the newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS- CoV-2), puts the entire world in an unprecedented crisis, leaving behind huge human losses and serious socio-economical damages. The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 varies from asymptomatic to multi-organ manifestations. Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic inflammatory condition, which associated with metabolic and vascular abnormalities, increases the risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection, severity and mortality. Due to global prevalence, DM effect on COVID-19 outcomes as well as the potential mechanisms by which DM modulates the host-viral interactions and host-immune responses are discussed in this review. This review also highlights the effects of anti-diabetic drugs on treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection and vice versa.
Highlights
Late 2019, a novel coronavirus (CoV), known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2, previously 2019nCoV), has emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province, China
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic inflammatory condition, which associated with metabolic and vascular abnormalities, increases the risk for SARSCoV-2 infection, severity and mortality
DM effect on COVID-19 outcomes as well as the potential mechanisms by which DM modulates the host-viral interactions and host-immune responses are discussed in this review
Summary
Late 2019, a novel coronavirus (CoV), known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2, previously 2019nCoV), has emerged in Wuhan, Hubei province, China. Some patients with COVID-19 had a pre-existing chronic kidney disease, which makes it a possible justification of the high pervasiveness of kidney involvement at hospital admission Such patients have a proinflammatory state with functional defects in immune cell and may develop upper respiratory tract infection and pneumonia more favorably[76]. Several approved antiviral drugs (Fig. 4) were re-tested against COVID-19 such as remdesivir, favipiravir, ribavirin[81,82,83,84,85,86,87,88], lopinavirritonavir and chloroquine[81,89,102,103,104,105,106,107] Despite their potential ability to inhibit viral replication, these repositioned drugs might show adverse effects with diabetic patients and overall outcomes have not yet been fully evaluated. SGLT inhibitors (such as gliflozins) might result in over expression of ACE2 receptors, increasing risk of diabetic patients to have more complications if infected with SARS-CoV-2 (111). WHO is on track to EUL other vaccine products through June[124,125]
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