Abstract

尽管考试不必要政策(test-optional policies, TOPs)的使用率有所上升,但很少有研究论述高等教育机构采取的 TOPs 类型(如不看考试 [test-blind] 、考试不必要 [test-optional]),特别是针对传统上需要提交额外的申请材料(如英语语言能力证明 [proof of English language proficiency, ELP])的国际申请者而言。本研究使用 518 所美国四年制大学本科招生网页的内容,考察标准化考试政策在国际申请者招生录取中的实施情况。我们发现,只有 2.5% 的院校明确要求提供 ACT/SAT 成绩,而 43.1% 的院校将 ACT/SAT 成绩作为招生录取的可选要求。有些院校提供的 TOP 信息不明确,有些院校将 ACT/SAT 与 ELP 要求一起列出。大多数院校(82.0%)明确要求提供 ELP 考试成绩。最后,我们发现在不同的考试政策中,将 ACT 考试作为主要要求和 ELP 证明的做法与院校尤其是私立院校国际学生较低的录取率有关。

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