Abstract
Photoemission from alkali-metal core levels (Li 1s, Na 2s, K 3p, Cs 5p, and 4d) has been studied for different alkali-metal coverages on Ru(001) using synchrotron radiation from the Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV) ring at the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS). The alkali atoms interacting directly with the Ru substrate show coverage-dependent binding-energy shifts towards the Fermi level, with the largest shift for Li (1.1 eV) and the smallest ones for K and Cs. At coverages > 1 monolayer (ML), the core-level shift between the second (surface) and the first (interface) layer is observed in all alkali overlayers. At ‘‘thin’’ multilayer coverages (∼3 ML), all alkali overlayers exhibit three sets of core-level photoemission bands which are assigned to the interface, the immediate ‘‘bulk,’’ and the surface in increasing binding energy. At coverages >5 ML (‘‘thick’’ multilayer) all alkali metals exhibit bulklike properties and surface–atom core-level binding-energy shifts are observed in all cases.
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