Abstract
Common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench 2n = 2x = 16) is a typical outcrossing crop, which needs pollination by insects, such as bees, for seed setting. It has an excellent nutritional profile, with a well-balanced amino acid composition, is rich in vitamins, fiber, and minerals, and has a high antioxidant potential. It is used in many traditional foods such as soba (Japanese noodles). However, buckwheat has many issues, such as a low lodging tolerance and being a common allergen, which need to be overcome to increase the yield and consumption.
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