Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics simulations with a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes model were performed for flow fields over a building array and inside a building in the array with different building opening positions. Ten combinations of opening locations were selected to investigate the effect of the locations on indoor cross-ventilation rates. The results of these simulations show that the exterior distributions of mean wind speed and turbulence kinetic energy hardly differ even though building openings exist. Although similar patterns of outdoor flow fields were observed, the opening positions produced two different types of ventilations: one-way and two-way. In one-way ventilation, the wind flows through the opening are unidirectional: diagonally downward at the windward wall. In two-way ventilation, both inflow and outflow simultaneously occur through the same opening. Determination of ventilation rates showed that the ventilation types can explain what type of ventilation rate may be significant for each opening location.
Highlights
As one passive method of improving indoor air quality and thermal comfort, wind-induced natural ventilation has received much attention because it promotes energy conservation
The detailed numerical study revealed that pulsating flow generated by upwind buildings can improve air change effectiveness even when flow is parallel to the openings. These results indicate that the turbulence of flow generated by the surrounding building arrays must be considered to quantify indoor ventilation rates, as well as turbulence near building openings
Coupled simulations of air flows in and among outdoor and indoor spaces in a building array were performed by taking a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approach
Summary
As one passive method of improving indoor air quality and thermal comfort, wind-induced natural ventilation has received much attention because it promotes energy conservation. Decades of indoor ventilation research has helped to identify the key factors determining ventilation efficiency under various conditions of building shape, wind incidental angle, opening size (or porosity), window position(s), types of ventilation (single-sided or cross), surrounding building arrangements, and so on. Studies on these topics have been conducted experimentally in wind tunnels and by simulation using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), which has been a powerful tool for advancing this research. Numerous simulation results for the ventilation efficiencies of both simplified and realistic buildings are summarized in Ramponi and Blocken [1]. Seifert et al [2] reported the results of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations of cross-ventilation (or ventilation with two openings) for a single building under various conditions of wall porosity, wind incidental angle, and combinations of opening positions
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