Abstract

Abstract : »Kontrafaktisches Denken als wissenschaftliche Methode« . Despite their alleged uselessness, we frequently encounter instances of counterfactual thinking in everyday-life situations. During the last two decades, psychologists have examined this phenomenon and have been able to show that counterfac-tual thoughts about past (and, therefore, unchangeable) events can be useful for the thinker. This article retraces the effects of counterfactual thinking in every-day life and seeks to translate them into an academic context. Can counterfac-tuals produce similar analytical benefits in the sciences? And if so, what ex-actly are those benefits? After briefly examining the psychological aspects of counterfactual thinking, the article discusses its potential uses from a general scientific perspective before using counterfactual history as a concrete exam-ple. Eventually and for good measure, attention is drawn to the clear and pre-sent dangers associated with counterfactual thinking in an academic context.

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