Abstract
Background and Objectives: To evaluate the condensation and the microarchitecture of implant bed walls of sites prepared with counterclockwise drilling with tapered implant drills using optical coherence tomography. Materials and Methods: Four drill designs with different wall and tip angles were used. Polyurethane laminas resembling type IV bone microarchitecture were superimposed and clamped with a vice to simulate the coronal, middle, and apical aspects of the implant site. Twenty implant beds were prepared at 1200 rpm in clockwise (control) and counterclockwise (test) directions (N = 160). Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to evaluate the condensation and microarchitecture characteristics of the implant bed walls. The relative condensation was calculated using the Image J software Bone application. The microarchitecture was evaluated in reconstructed 3D volumes in XY, XZ, and YZ sections. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA. Dunnet test was applied to determine differences between groups. Significance was set as p < 0.05. Results: Counterclockwise drilling (Test) condensed and changed the microarchitecture of the apical regions for all the implant beds in all of the groups when compared to clockwise drilling (control). The apical region of test groups showed the highest relative bone condensation (p = 0.026) when compared to controls. Conclusions: The direction of rotation (counterclockwise drilling) and not the design of tapered drills (tip and wall angles) is responsible for the condensation at the apical area observed in polyurethane blocks. The OCT method can be used for the evaluation of changes in density and microstructure of polyurethane blocks.
Highlights
The evaluation of bone quantity (BQT) and bone quality (BQL) is a fundamental step during implant planning
Late implant failures have been correlated to poor quality of cancellous bone [5], patients with osteoporosis have shown increased peri-implant bone loss compared with healthy patients after 5 years [6], initial low BQL has been linked with increased bone remodeling around dental implants [7], and implants inserted in bone of poor quality present an increased risk of failure compared to implants inserted in bone of good quality [8]
The range of bone condensation at the coronal section produced by tapered drills with clockwise rotation (61.19 ± 4.58%) was similar to that produced by tapered drills with
Summary
The evaluation of bone quantity (BQT) and bone quality (BQL) is a fundamental step during implant planning. The BQL is a relatively vague term that assesses the characteristics of the cortical bone (thickness, density, and porosity) and cancellous bone (trabecular number, thickness, and connectivity) [2]. These factors can predict dental implant stability and serve as relative prognosis factors in cases of immediate implant loading [3]. To evaluate the condensation and the microarchitecture of implant bed walls of sites prepared with counterclockwise drilling with tapered implant drills using optical coherence tomography. Results: Counterclockwise drilling (Test) condensed and changed the microarchitecture of the apical regions for all the implant beds in all of the groups when compared to clockwise drilling (control). The OCT method can be used for the evaluation of changes in density and microstructure of polyurethane blocks
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary 
Published Version (
Free)
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call