Abstract
General energy demand is continuously increasing, thus the energy generating assets need to be optimised for higher efficiency. Wind turbines are no exception. Their maximum efficiency can be determined on a theoretical basis. The limit is approached by researches day by day, utilizing the latest developments in airfoil design, blade structure and new and improved ideas in conventional and unconventional wind turbine layouts. In this paper, we are reviewing the conventional and unconventional wind turbines and their place in smart cities. Then, an unconventional wind turbine design, the CO-DRWT (counter-rotating dual rotor wind turbine) is analysed with a CFD (computational fluid dynamics) code, varying the axial and radial distances between the two turbines. After the simulations, the power coefficients for the different turbine configurations is calculated. At the end of this paper, the simulations results are summarized and consequences are drawn for the CO-DRWT layouts.
Highlights
Nowadays, the increasing energy demand pushes engineering applications to their theoretical limit in many aspects, e.g., sustainability, more autonomous operation besides the decades-old requirements of higher performance, more economical operation and easier manufacturability
Ertuk et al created a mathematical model for counter-rotating dual rotor wind turbine (CO-DRWT) to analyse the power output by changing the pitch angle and the incoming wind speed on the second rotor [12, 13], while Lee et al carried out a measurement and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations for analysing the power output of CO-DRWT with a different yaw angle and tip speed ratio [14]
(6.) Comparing the results with the measurement data, we found the transient simulations produced roughly 8 % and 10 % lower torque values, while the results of the steady-state simulations were about −13 % and +14 %
Summary
The increasing energy demand pushes engineering applications to their theoretical limit in many aspects, e.g., sustainability, more autonomous operation besides the decades-old requirements of higher performance, more economical operation and easier manufacturability. To achieve all the above mentioned requirements, the engineers need to turn to more complicated solutions: either utilizing a completely new concept or applying a new approach to an existing one This applies to renewable energy production assets, like solar panels, wind turbines, biomass, geothermal and hydropower plants, too. Spanish government plans to achieve the same by 2050 [6, 7] Those cities, where a large amount of energy has to be generated in a very limited space, unconventional WTs might provide a better solution. Ozbay et al [11] performed an experimental study to compare the coand counter-rotating dual rotor WTs with a single rotor wind turbine (SRWT). Ertuk et al created a mathematical model for CO-DRWT to analyse the power output by changing the pitch angle and the incoming wind speed on the second rotor [12, 13], while Lee et al carried out a measurement and CFD simulations for analysing the power output of CO-DRWT with a different yaw angle and tip speed ratio [14]
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