Abstract

조선후기 이후 대한제국기까지 궁중 검기무가 기록되어 있는 12종의 『의궤』를 중심으로, 도병과 회화자료, 문헌자료 등을 참고하여 궁중 검기무 복식의 종류와 변화양상, 특징 등을 살펴보았다. 궁중 검기무는 17세기 숙종대 이후 민간에서 성행하던 춤이 궁중의 정재로 편입된 춤이다. 1795년 『원행을묘정리의궤』에 ‘검무’라는 기록으로 궁중에 첫선을 보인 검기무는 1829년 『기축진찬의궤』부터 ‘검기무’로 기록되기 시작하여 대한제국 마지막 진연 기록인 1902년 임인 『진연의궤』까지 지속되었다. 의궤에 따라 약간의 차이는 있으나 대체로 「권수」의 <정재도>·<복식도>, 「악장」, 「의주」, 「품목」 또는 「악기풍물」, 「공령」, 「상전」 등에서 검기무와 관련된 기록이 확인되었다. 검기무의 설행순서는 연향의 후반부나 마지막 부분에 행해지고 무신년 진찬 이후부터는 일정하게 무녕지곡(武寧之曲)이 연주되었으며 검기무 정재여령의 인원은 많게는 동기와 집사를 포함하여 8∼9명인 경우도 있었고, 그 외 6명, 4명, 2명 등으로 확인되었다. 1902년 4월 임인년 진연에는 여령 8명이 참가한 쌍검기무가 확인되었다. ≪도병≫에서는 2명 혹은 4명 정도로 묘사되어 기록과는 차이가 있었다. 19세기 중엽 궁중 검기무 정재복식은 전립(戰笠), 협수(挾袖), 괘자(掛子), 대(帶), 홍초상(紅&#32131;裳), 초록혜(草綠鞋)로 정착되었다. 1848년 무신년부터 협수와 둥근 모정의 산홍모(散紅毛) 전립을 사용하기 시작하였다. 전립은 남색비단으로 안을 올렸고 정수리 부분에 정자·공작우·상모를 달았다. 또한 모자와 테가 연결되는 부위에 홍전 징두리를 두르고 전립 좌우에 조밀화(造蜜花) 귓돈을 장식하였으며 은영자(銀纓子)에 패영(貝纓) 없이 궁초(宮&#32131;) 끈만 달았다. 무신년 이후부터는 견마기와 남치마 위에 홍초상을 덧입고 그 위에 금향색(錦香色) 협수와 자적색·아청색 괘자를 입었다. 협수 소매의 홍수(紅袖) 길이가 후대로 갈수로 길어지는 것을 홍수 감 분량을 통해 확인할 수 있었고 괘자는 전복으로도 기록되어 있어 두 용어가 혼용되었음을 확인하였다. 그리고 괘자 위에 원삼 대대처럼 등 뒤에 묶는 방식으로 남색 전대를 두르고 초록혜를 신었다.This paper examines the types, changes, and characteristics of the costumes for the royal sword dance, geomgi-mu (劍器舞), in the late Joseon Dynasty, through a study of historical sources, including folding screens, paintings, and literature from the era, with a special focus on the 12 uigwe that recorded this dance. The Royal Sword Dance was a popular dance among people in the 17th century after King Sukjong adopted it as a royal dance. Initially, it was introduced to the court simply as gum-mu (literally “sword dance”) and recorded using that name in the Wonhaeng eulmyo jeongri uigwe, but, from the Gichuk jinchan uigwe on, the name was officially changed to gumgi-mu and practiced as part of royal ceremonies. Although there are some differences among the uigwe, most of the records concerning gumgi-mu have been found and confirmed in the Jeongjaedo and Boksikdo in Gwonsu, Akjang, Euiju, Pummok or Akgipungmul, Gongryeong, and Sangjeon. As for the execution of the dance, it was usually performed in the latter or last part of the banquets and, after the Musin jinchan banquet, it was performed to the music Munyeongjigok (武 寧之曲 or, lit., “Military pacification piece”). The number of royal dancers performing the sword dance varied from a maximum of eight or nine down to six, four, or sometimes even two. In April 1902, the Imin-jinyeon recorded eight pairs of dancers performing the gumgi-mu, differing from Dobyeong’s record which described only two or four dancers. The costumes for geomgi-mu consisted of jeollip (戰笠, a war hat), hyeopsu (挾袖, a narrow sleeved upper garment), gweja (掛子, a kind of over vest), dae (帶, sash), hongchosang (紅&#32131;裳 red silk apron-like skirt), and chorokhye (草綠鞋 grass green leather shoes). For the sanhongmo (散紅毛) a red feather or fur decoration hanging at the top of a helmet or military hat, jeollip (戰笠) was used after 1848 and the pointed top part of the hat was rounded. Accessories, such as jeongja, gongjak u, and sangmo, were attached to the crown of the hat. The line where the hat’s body and brim met was decorated with jingduri. Each side of the “war hat” had artificial amber ornaments hung over the ears with silver hooks, eunyeoungja (銀纓子 silver tassles), and gungcho (宮&#32131;) silk string ties. The red silk skirt was worn outside of the gyeonmagi (upper garment now known as jeogeori) and a brocade indigo blue skirt, and the narrow sleeved hyeopsu and gweja vest was layered on top as extra. Gweja were recorded as a combat uniform in some records, which indicates the two words were interchanged. Dancers wore an indigo blue combat sash around the gweja vest and wore green leather shoes, as well. It has been confirmed through the sources that the red sleeves of the hyeopsu became longer as time went on.

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