Cosmological constant as quantum error correction from generalized gauge invariance in double field theory

Abstract

The holographic principle and its realization as the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory (AdS/CFT) correspondence leads to the existence of the so-called precursor operators. These are boundary operators that carry nonlocal information regarding events occurring deep inside the bulk and which cannot be causally connected to the boundary. Such nonlocal operators can distinguish nonvacuum-like excitations within the bulk that cannot be observed by any local gauge invariant operators in the boundary. The boundary precursors are expected to become increasingly nonlocal the further the bulk process is from the boundary. Such phenomena are expected to be related to the extended nature of the strings. Standard gauge invariance in the boundary theory equates to quantum error correction which furthermore establishes localization of bulk information. I show that when double field theory quantum error correction prescriptions are considered in the bulk, gauge invariance in the boundary manifests residual effects associated to stringy winding modes. Also, an effect of double field theory quantum error correction is the appearance of positive cosmological constant. The emergence of space–time from the entanglement structure of a dual quantum field theory appears in this context to generalize for de Sitter space–times as well.