Abstract
Lesion studies in neurological patients revealed that the inferior motor cortex is indispensable for the voluntary control of the phonatory apparatus. The present study serves to identify cortico-cortical connections of the inferior motor cortex in order to find out additional areas possibly involved in voice control. In three anaesthetized rhesus monkeys, the larynx representation of the motor cortex was identified using focal electrical brain stimulation and indirect laryngoscopy. After identification, the larynx area was injected with biotin dextranamine, an anterograde tracer. Seven weeks later, the animals were killed and their brains were histologically processed. Projections were found into the surrounding motorcortex, ventral and dorsal parts of premotor cortex, Broca's area, anterior cingulate gyrus, supplementary motor area, lateral prefrontal cortex, orbital cortex, insula, fronto- and parieto-opercular cortices, primary and secondary somatosensory cortices, parietal cortex, and superior temporal gyrus. A number of these structures have been shown by modern imaging techniques to be active during speech.
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