Abstract
Purpose: Report of series of cases of cortical blindness that occurred after neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic by analysing its epidemiological frequency in black Africa. Methodology: This is the report of two clinical cases received in consultation on Monday 16th November 2020 and Thursday 7th January 2021 in the paediatric ophthalmology department of the IOTA-University Hospital. Results: They are two infants, aged 05 and 17 months respectively, who were brought in for consultation by their mother for lack of eye-tracking movement since birth. Both infants were born at term following a dystocic delivery. At birth, both infants had a very poor Apar score and were given a resuscitation treatment. The clinical examination coupled with the results of the paraclinical examinations allowed us to conclude at cortical blindness induced the neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy. Their therapeutic management, in collaboration with the neurologist, included the combination of piracetam suspension and Valproate sodium syrup. The evolution after three months of treatment is marked by the regression of epileptic seizures and the perception of light. Conclusion: In black Africa, neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy is the second leading cause of cortical blindness in children, after the neuromalaria sequels.
Highlights
The clinical examination coupled with the results of the paraclinical examinations allowed us to conclude at cortical blindness induced the neonatal hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) is a serious brain injury resulting from a significant decrease in blood flow and oxygen to the brain at birth
We report two cases of cortical blindness induced by the NHIE and we will discuss the epidemioclinical and evolutionary profiles of the cortical blindness due to the NHIE in black Africa
Summary
Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) is a serious brain injury resulting from a significant decrease in blood flow and oxygen to the brain at birth. Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (NHIE) remains an important cause of mortality in preterm children and, in term children, is responsible for acute neurological injury leading to long-term neurodevelopmental disability thereafter [1]. The risk of disability and impaired cognitive development correlates with the severity of NHIE [1] [2]. The incidence of NHIE varies from 1.5 per 1000 live births in Europa to 14.9 per 1000 live births in sub-Saharan Africa.
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