Association of amniotic fluid contamination, intrauterine fetal distress and neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy

Abstract

Objective To analyze the relationship among amniotic fluid contamination, intrauterine fetal distress and neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Methods From August 2015 to April 2017, 91 children with ischemic hypoxic encephalopathy who were admitted were selected as the case group, 54 males and 37 females, with gestational age(34.89±1.64) weeks and gestational age ranging from 31 to 38 weeks.In addition, 129 healthy newborns in the same period were selected as the healthy group, including 76 males and 53 females, with gestational age(35.04±1.76) weeks and gestational age ranging from 32 to 39 weeks.The incidence of preeclampsia, neonatal asphyxia, vaginal vaginal delivery, cesarean section, vaginal operation, intrauterine fetal distress, umbilical cord abnormality, oligohydramnios, amniotic fluid pollution and placental abruption were compared between the two groups.Logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors of neonatal ischemic hypoxic encephalopathy, and Spearman was used to analyze the correlation between intrauterine fetal distress, amniotic fluid pollution and neonatal ischemic hypoxic encephalopathy. Results The incidence of preeclampsia[57.1%(52/91)], neonatal asphyxia[100%(91/91)], vaginal surgery[9.9%(9/91)], intrauterine fetal distress[64.8%(59/91)], umbilical cord abnormalities[35.2%(32/91)], oligohydramnios[30.8%(28/91)], amniotic fluid contamination[14.3%(13/91)] and placental abruption[50.5%(46/91)] were higher than those in the control group[6.2%(8/129), 20.9%(27/129), 0.8%(1/129), 20.9%(27/129), 5.4%(7/129), 3.1%(4/129), 1.6%(2/129)and 7.0%(9/129)], and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that preeclampsia, neonatal asphyxia, vaginal surgery, intrauterine fetal distress, umbilical cord abnormalities, oligohydramnios, amniotic fluid contamination and placental abruption are neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy risk factors(P<0.05 ). Spearman test showed that intrauterine fetal distress and amniotic fluid contamination were positively correlated with neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(P<0.05). Conclusion Intrauterine fetal distress and amniotic fluid pollution are independent risk factors for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and positively correlated with neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy.Clinical efforts should be made to eliminate or reduce such risk factors, so as to effectively prevent neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Key words: Amniotic fluid contamination; Intrauterine fetal distress; Neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy