Abstract
Carbide-reinforced martensitic steels, known as high-speed steels (HSSs), have been used as tool materials in various industries because of their high hardness and wear resistance. Nonetheless, such steels show severe degradation when used in a corrosive environment because typical Cr2O3 films, which generally realise passivity in these alloys, do not often work effectively. Here, we demonstrate that the corrosion resistance of a high-carbon-containing Fe–Cr–W-based alloy in a sulfuric acid solution can be significantly improved by the addition of trace Cu. The enrichment of Cu at the surface of the alloy as corrosion proceeds is key to inhibiting further corrosion. A theoretical model for a micro corrosion cell, which should be applicable to any material employed under the same corrosion conditions in fields such as the chemical and energy industries, was developed to interpret the experimental observations.
Highlights
The global market for super engineering plastics, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), has grown in recent years because PPS has a remarkably high temperature resistance, good mechanical strength, and exceptional chemical and solvent resistance in high-temperature environments.[1]
WC is not predicted to be present in the current compositions, it was reported that W substitutes for Cr in the M23C6 carbide, as well as the coarsening rate of the M23C6 carbide particles at high temperatures, decreases as the diffusion of W becomes a ratecontrolling process.[26,27,28]
Our experimental results showed that, despite the high Cr content (16 mass%), the Cu-free alloys have a marked susceptibility to corrosion in a dilute sulfuric acid solution
Summary
The global market for super engineering plastics, polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), has grown in recent years because PPS has a remarkably high temperature resistance, good mechanical strength, and exceptional chemical and solvent resistance in high-temperature environments.[1] One of the most common methods for manufacturing PPS is plastic injection moulding (PIM). During this process, the reciprocating screw in the manufacturing apparatus usually suffers from frequent wear loss because the semi-fluid raw materials used for making PPS commonly contain a large amount of glass fibres as a reinforcement. The mould temperature for the PIM manufacturing of PPS is ~140–300 °C.2.
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