Corrosion – Biotechnical System for Destruction of Technical Objects Reducing their Quality and Reliability

Abstract

It is a well-known fact, that corrosion of materials, as a phenomenon in the nature, is multifaceted, where its origin and development in many respects depend on environment micro-flora. In the modern world, corrosion is considered mainly as the spontaneous destruction of solids caused by chemical and electrochemical processes, developing on a body surface during its interaction with external environment. The essence of corrosion destruction of objects should be studied in aspect of the interrelated natural phenomena and processes that constantly occur when an object comes into contact with man-made environments and the environment containing many microorganisms of various genera and species. The accumulation and metabolism of microorganisms in surface defects of solids, when favorable physical, chemical and biological conditions are created in the contact zones, create areas of biocenosis in which metabolites, biogenic elements and chemically active radicals are formed, interacting with the contact surface of the body and the technogenic environment. Such interaction gives rise to the occurrence of both biochemical reactions in microbial cells and bioenergetic mechanisms of energy conversion on the contact surfaces, both in the microorganisms themselves and in the surrounding space. This initiator chemical, electrochemical and bio-corrosion processes of materials destruction. Consequently, the phenomenon of corrosion is presented as a system of interrelated microbiological and physicochemical processes of destruction of materials, arising from their interaction with the micro-flora of contact technogenic media and the environment. Based on the generalization and analysis of the results of the performed research work and taking into account the well known achievements and discoveries in the field of science and technology, the authors of the paper propose a new systematic approach and concept to the phenomenon of corrosive destruction of a solid with the account of the biological factor that initiates corrosion damage and destruction of materials.