Abstract
The ELOU-AVT-3 installation (RN-Komsomolskii NPZ) is intended for primary processing of Western Siberian oil and is a complex manufacturing unit, operating in a single production regime. The installation operates under complex climatic and production conditions. Within the ELOU-AVT-3 construction there is a wide range of structural materials (09G2S, 16GS, 17GS, 15Kh5M, 08Kh13, Kh5M, steel 10, steel 20, st. 3, etc.) operating in contact with media of different chemical and corrosion activity. The choice of materials is accomplished proceeding from conditions for providing a common operating life for different assemblies taking account of economic considerations. If attention is not drawn to accidental breakdown of individual units, then the main reason for loss of operating capacity for the oil processing installation is corrosion failure. Corrosion of metallic materials is a complex process of surface breakdown, including numerous mechanisms that may be combined into two groups: material degradation due to electrochemical and chemical processes, and reaction and breakdown of a degraded structure due to mechanical or other action [1, 2]. These mechanisms occur in parallel and are interrelated, and therefore it is not possible to separate their independent development. Material failure due to mechanical disturbances on a background of chemical and electrochemical processes may occur at stresses two orders of magnitude lower (and more) than with contact tribological reaction. Sources of mechanical action may be gas and liquid turbulent streams, cavitation, operating vibrations, natural and climatic disturbances. With mechanical loads, causing generation of various structural defects within metallic materials, electrochemical and chemical reactions occur more actively. This complex nature of corrosion breakdown disrupts determination between material electrochemical potential and weight loss. We consider results of studying corrosion of equipment and production pipelines, and also analysis of the operating life of the ELOU-AVT-3 installation. The subject selected for studying the corrosion failure mechanism was pipelines of steel 20, within whose structural organization after corrosion breakdown micro-, meso-, and macro-defects of the structure, and also individual features of failure mechanisms, are readily identified. Many of these features are common in nature and are applicable to other materials. Microstructure was studied by means of a Mikro-200 metallurgical microscope at magnifications of ×400 and ×1000, and also a S3400-M (Hitachi) electron microscope. Calculations of interface qualitative indices for structural condi
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