Corrélations et différences de performance entre des footballeurs, professionnels, en formation et amateurs à partir du test de sprint (10 mètres départ arrêté) et de tests isocinétiques du genou

Abstract

Objective. – To study differences between professional soccer players, young players and amateur players for sprint test and knee isokinetic assessment. Method. – Ten professional players (Ligue 1) (24.4 ± 3.5 years) were compared with 13 young players (national-level) (20.7 ± 1.3 years) and 11 amateur players (regional-level) (24.3 ± 3.7 years). The 10-m sprint test was measured with photoelectric cells and isokinetic tests were carried out in a concentric action at 60 and 180 deg/s and in an eccentric action for flexors at 60 deg/s (Cybex Norm). The comparisons were realized by using an ANOVA test and the correlations were established with a Spearman test. Results. – Amateur soccer players run significantly more slowly than young and professional players ( P < 0.001). Significant correlations between sprint test, age and extensor torque reported to the body weight at 180 deg/s are found. Flexors torque and concentric ratio hamstring-to-quadriceps are comparable whatever sports level. On the other hand, a flexors asymmetry is shown in professional soccer players. The dominant leg and the playing position do not influence this result. Conclusion. – According to isokinetic parameters and the 10-m sprint studied, young soccer players and professional soccer players present athletic performances superior to those of the amateurs. These decrease with the age, whatever sports level.